Space-Air-Ground-Sea Integrated Networks: Modeling and Coverage Analysis

Due to its potential enable global connectivity in remote locations, such as rural areas and islands, Space-Air-Ground networks have become an ambitious solution for terrestrial communication the sixth generation (6G) wireless network. In this paper, we propose a novel structure of Space-Air-Ground-Sea integrated (SAGSINs) study derive coverage probability (CP) users who are annotated surface stations (SSs) on far-reaching ocean that is far away from coastline. By incorporating different types relays onshore (OSs), tethered balloons (TBs), high altitude platforms (HAPs), satellites (SATs), links between core connected base (CCBSs) SSs established via one four relay stations. Considering practical scenarios with random distribution SSs, model channel using point-to-area model, which recommended by ITU (for OSs SS), Rician TBs or HAPs Shadowed-Rician SATs SS). When SS’s distance coastline continues increase zero, since models considered, will result specific received signal strengths at SSs. The most powerful station be chosen time. Hence, move coastline, respective vary, hence, association preference (among HAPs, OSs, TBs, SATs) changes leading CP value enough even locations into ocean. We analyze tools stochastic geometry. Comparisons system single (only type available) represented. Numerical results verified Monte-Carlo simulations reveal insights applicability SAGSINs.